iframe
with blank title
Screen reader compatibility
Expected Result: causes problems in some screen readers
Actual Result: causes problems in 22 screen reader / browser combinations
For expected failures, the results show which AT combos the failures affect. Results are recorded from the user's viewpoint, so describe the user impact of authoring errors.
Note: Frame titles are much more important for Mac VoiceOver users than JAWS or NVDA users on Windows, because VoiceOver doesn't read frame contents automatically as part of the reading order. On Macs the user has to press a keyboard shortcut to explore the frame, but are unlikely to do this unless they know what's in the frame. That means they may miss essential content, such as a Captcha or Login form hidden in an untitled iframe.
Code used for this test:
<iframe title='' src='1234.html' width='400' height='100'> </iframe>
Change History
Last updated: November 26, 2024
- NVDA with Chrome Stable - OK from NVDA 2018.4 to NVDA 2024.4
- NVDA with IE Stable - OK from NVDA 2014.1 to NVDA 2019.2
- NVDA with FF Better - caused problems in NVDA 2023.3, but now OK in NVDA 2024.4
- JAWS with Chrome Stable - OK from JAWS 2018.1811.2 to JAWS 2024.2409.2
- JAWS with IE Stable - OK from JAWS 13.0.852 to JAWS 2019.1912.1
- JAWS with FF Better - caused problems in JAWS 14.0.9002, but now OK in JAWS 2024.2409.2
- VoiceOver macOS Causes problems in VoiceOver macOS 14.6
- VoiceOver iOS Stable - OK from VoiceOver iOS 7.1 to VoiceOver iOS 17.7
- WindowEyes with IE Better - caused problems in WindowEyes 8.4, but now OK in WindowEyes 9.2
- Dolphin with IE OK in Dolphin SR 15.05
- SaToGo with IE OK in SaToGo 3.4.96.0
Screen reader | Browser | Mode | Notes | What the user hears |
---|---|---|---|---|
NVDA 2024.4 | Chrome 131 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2024.4 | Chrome 131 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2024.4 | FF 128 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2024.4 | FF 128 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2024.4 | Edge 131 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2024.4 | Edge 131 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2023.3 | Chrome 120 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2023.3 | Chrome 120 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2023.3 | FF 115 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2023.3 | FF 115 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2023.3 | Edge 120 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2023.3 | Edge 120 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2022.2 | Chrome 105 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2022.2 | Chrome 105 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2022.2 | FF 102 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2022.2 | FF 102 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2022.2 | Edge 105 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2022.2 | Edge 105 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2021.2 | Chrome 94 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2021.2 | Chrome 94 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2021.2 | FF 91 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2021.2 | FF 91 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2021.2 | Edge 94 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2021.2 | Edge 94 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2020.2 | Chrome 86 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2020.2 | Chrome 86 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2020.2 | FF 78 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2020.2 | FF 78 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2020.2 | Edge 92 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2020.2 | Edge 92 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2019.2 | Chrome 79 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2019.2 | Chrome 79 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2019.2 | FF 68 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2019.2 | FF 68 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2019.2 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2019.2 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2018.4 | Chrome 73 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2018.4 | Chrome 73 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2018.4 | FF 60 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2018.4 | FF 60 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Frame, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2018.4 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2018.4 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2017.3 | FF 60 | Reading | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame, blank. | |
NVDA 2017.3 | FF 60 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Out of frame, frame, example hyperlink, link. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2017.3 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2017.3 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2016.2 | FF 48 | Reading | Iframe, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of iframe, blank. | |
NVDA 2016.2 | FF 48 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. | Silence. Iframe, example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2016.2 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2016.2 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2015.2 | FF 40 | Reading | Iframe, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of iframe, blank. | |
NVDA 2015.2 | FF 40 | Tabbing | Silence when tab focus stops on iframe. Focus trap on forward tabbing - only when NVDA running | Silence. Example hyperlink, link. |
NVDA 2015.2 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2015.2 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, this is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. Out of frame. | |
NVDA 2014.1 | FF 28 | Reading | IFrame, This is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2014.1 | FF 28 | Tabbing | IFrame. This is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. | |
NVDA 2014.1 | IE11 | Reading | IFRAME title ignored. | Frame, This is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Out of frame. |
NVDA 2014.1 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | Chrome 131 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | Chrome 131 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | FF 128 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | FF 128 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | Edge 131 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2024.2409.2 | Edge 131 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | Chrome 120 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | Chrome 120 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | FF 115 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | FF 115 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Frame, example target. Example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | Edge 120 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2023.2311.34 | Edge 120 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | Chrome 105 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | Chrome 105 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | FF 102 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | FF 102 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Frame, example target. Example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | Edge 105 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2022.2207.25 | Edge 105 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | Chrome 94 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | Chrome 94 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | FF 91 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | FF 91 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Frame, example target. Example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | Edge 94 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2021.2107.12 | Edge 94 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | Chrome 86 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | Chrome 86 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | FF 78 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | FF 78 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Frame, example target. Example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | Edge 92 | Reading | This is an. Link example hyperlink. In the target page. | |
JAWS 2020.2008.24 | Edge 92 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | Chrome 79 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | Chrome 79 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | FF 68 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | FF 68 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Frame, example target. Example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | IE11 | Reading | This is an, link example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2019.1912.1 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | Chrome 73 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | Chrome 73 | Tabbing | Tab, frame example hyperlink. | |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | FF 60 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | FF 60 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Tab, frame, example target. Tab, example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | IE11 | Reading | This is an, link example hyperlink, in the target page. | |
JAWS 2018.1811.2 | IE11 | Tabbing | Tab, example target. Tab, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 18.0.5038 | FF 52 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Example target frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target frame end. |
JAWS 18.0.5038 | FF 52 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Tab, frame, example target. Tab, example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 18.0.5038 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target, frame end. |
JAWS 18.0.5038 | IE11 | Tabbing | Tab, example target, frame. Tab, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 17.0.2619 | FF 48 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Example target frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target frame end. |
JAWS 17.0.2619 | FF 48 | Tabbing | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Tab, frame, example target. Tab, example hyperlink, link. |
JAWS 17.0.2619 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target, frame end. |
JAWS 17.0.2619 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 16.0.4350 | FF 40 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Example target frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target frame end. |
JAWS 16.0.4350 | FF 40 | Tabbing | Tab, frame, this is an. Tab, example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 16.0.4350 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target, frame end. |
JAWS 16.0.4350 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 15.0.9023 | FF 29 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Example target frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target frame end. |
JAWS 15.0.9023 | FF 29 | Tabbing | Frame. This is an. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 15.0.9023 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target, frame end. |
JAWS 15.0.9023 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 14.0.9002 | FF 29 | Reading | Reads out filename of frame. | Twelve thirty four frame. This is an. Link, example hyperlink. In the target page. Twelve thirty four frame end. |
JAWS 14.0.9002 | FF 29 | Tabbing | Frame. This is an. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 14.0.9002 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target, frame end. |
JAWS 14.0.9002 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 13.0.852 | FF 29 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page when iframe title blank. | Example target frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. Example target frame end. |
JAWS 13.0.852 | FF 29 | Tabbing | Frame, example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
JAWS 13.0.852 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out title tag of frame source page. | Example target, frame. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. |
JAWS 13.0.852 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example target, frame. Example hyperlink, link. | |
WindowEyes 9.2 | IE11 | Reading | Stops speaking at line wraps in IFRAME. | This is an. Link, example hyperlink. In the. Target. Page. |
WindowEyes 9.2 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame. Link, example hyperlink | |
WindowEyes 8.4 | IE11 | Reading | Reads out "Untitled" for frame name. | Untitled iframe. This is an, link, example hyperlink, in the target page. End frame. |
WindowEyes 8.4 | IE11 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 14.6 | Safari 17.6 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 14.6 | Safari 17.6 | Tabbing | Entering frame, link, example hyperlink, article. Leaving frame. | |
VoiceOver macOS 13.6 | Safari 16.6 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 13.6 | Safari 16.6 | Tabbing | Entering frame, link, example hyperlink. Leaving frame. | |
VoiceOver macOS 12.5 | Safari 15.6 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 12.5 | Safari 15.6 | Tabbing | Entering frame, link, example hyperlink. Leaving frame. | |
VoiceOver macOS 11.5 | Safari 15.0 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 11.5 | Safari 15.0 | Tabbing | Entering frame. Link, example hyperlink. Leaving frame. | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.15 | Safari 14.1 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame |
VoiceOver macOS 10.15 | Safari 14.1 | Tabbing | Entering frame. Link, example hyperlink. Leaving frame. | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.14 | Safari 13.0 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame |
VoiceOver macOS 10.14 | Safari 13.0 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.13 | Safari 12.1 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame |
VoiceOver macOS 10.13 | Safari 12.1 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.12 | Safari 10.1.2 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame |
VoiceOver macOS 10.12 | Safari 10.1.2 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.11 | Safari 9.1.2 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 10.11 | Safari 9.1.2 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.10 | Safari 8.0.6 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 10.10 | Safari 8.0.6 | Tabbing | Link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver macOS 10.9 | Safari 7.0.3 | Reading | Meaningless frame title read out. | Frame three |
VoiceOver macOS 10.9 | Safari 7.0.3 | Tabbing | Leaving frame link, example hyperlink | |
VoiceOver iOS 17.7 | Safari iOS 17.7 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 16.6 | Safari iOS 16.6 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 15.6 | Safari iOS 15.6 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 14.7 | Safari iOS 14.7 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 13.3 | Safari iOS 13.3 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 12.4 | Safari iOS 12.4 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 11.4 | Safari iOS 11.4 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 10.3 | Safari iOS 10.3 | Touch | This is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 9.1 | Safari iOS 9.1 | Touch | This is an, example hyperlink, link, in the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 8.4 | Safari iOS 8.4 | Touch | This is an, example hyperlink, link, in the target page. | |
VoiceOver iOS 7.1 | Safari iOS 7.1 | Touch | This is an, example hyperlink, link, in the target page. | |
Dolphin SR 15.05 | IE11 | Reading | Frame, normal, this is an. Example hyperlink, link. In the target page | |
Dolphin SR 15.05 | IE11 | Tabbing | Frame, example hyperlink, link | |
SaToGo 3.4.96.0 | IE11 | Reading | This is an, link, example hyperlink in the target page | |
SaToGo 3.4.96.0 | IE11 | Tabbing | Example hyperlink, link |
SortSite rules: AccHtmlFrameTitleMissing
Test notes
All tests were carried out with screen reader factory settings. JAWS in particular has a wide variety of settings controlling exactly what gets spoken.
Screen readers allow users to interact in different modes, and can produce very different results in each mode. The modes used in these tests are:
- Reading Content read using the “read next” command in a screen reader
- Tabbing Content read using the “tab” key in a screen reader
- Heading Content read using the “next heading” key in a screen reader
- Touch Content read when touching an area of screen on a mobile device
In the “What the user hears” column:
- Commas represent short pauses in screen reader voicing
- Full Stops represent places where voicing stops, and the “read next” or “tab” or “next heading” command is pressed again
- Ellipsis … represent a long pause in voicing
- (Brackets) represent voicing that requires a keystroke to hear